xref: /linux/block/blk-merge.c (revision e9a83bd2322035ed9d7dcf35753d3f984d76c6a5)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * Functions related to segment and merge handling
4  */
5 #include <linux/kernel.h>
6 #include <linux/module.h>
7 #include <linux/bio.h>
8 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
9 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
10 
11 #include <trace/events/block.h>
12 
13 #include "blk.h"
14 
15 static inline bool bio_will_gap(struct request_queue *q,
16 		struct request *prev_rq, struct bio *prev, struct bio *next)
17 {
18 	struct bio_vec pb, nb;
19 
20 	if (!bio_has_data(prev) || !queue_virt_boundary(q))
21 		return false;
22 
23 	/*
24 	 * Don't merge if the 1st bio starts with non-zero offset, otherwise it
25 	 * is quite difficult to respect the sg gap limit.  We work hard to
26 	 * merge a huge number of small single bios in case of mkfs.
27 	 */
28 	if (prev_rq)
29 		bio_get_first_bvec(prev_rq->bio, &pb);
30 	else
31 		bio_get_first_bvec(prev, &pb);
32 	if (pb.bv_offset & queue_virt_boundary(q))
33 		return true;
34 
35 	/*
36 	 * We don't need to worry about the situation that the merged segment
37 	 * ends in unaligned virt boundary:
38 	 *
39 	 * - if 'pb' ends aligned, the merged segment ends aligned
40 	 * - if 'pb' ends unaligned, the next bio must include
41 	 *   one single bvec of 'nb', otherwise the 'nb' can't
42 	 *   merge with 'pb'
43 	 */
44 	bio_get_last_bvec(prev, &pb);
45 	bio_get_first_bvec(next, &nb);
46 	if (biovec_phys_mergeable(q, &pb, &nb))
47 		return false;
48 	return __bvec_gap_to_prev(q, &pb, nb.bv_offset);
49 }
50 
51 static inline bool req_gap_back_merge(struct request *req, struct bio *bio)
52 {
53 	return bio_will_gap(req->q, req, req->biotail, bio);
54 }
55 
56 static inline bool req_gap_front_merge(struct request *req, struct bio *bio)
57 {
58 	return bio_will_gap(req->q, NULL, bio, req->bio);
59 }
60 
61 static struct bio *blk_bio_discard_split(struct request_queue *q,
62 					 struct bio *bio,
63 					 struct bio_set *bs,
64 					 unsigned *nsegs)
65 {
66 	unsigned int max_discard_sectors, granularity;
67 	int alignment;
68 	sector_t tmp;
69 	unsigned split_sectors;
70 
71 	*nsegs = 1;
72 
73 	/* Zero-sector (unknown) and one-sector granularities are the same.  */
74 	granularity = max(q->limits.discard_granularity >> 9, 1U);
75 
76 	max_discard_sectors = min(q->limits.max_discard_sectors,
77 			bio_allowed_max_sectors(q));
78 	max_discard_sectors -= max_discard_sectors % granularity;
79 
80 	if (unlikely(!max_discard_sectors)) {
81 		/* XXX: warn */
82 		return NULL;
83 	}
84 
85 	if (bio_sectors(bio) <= max_discard_sectors)
86 		return NULL;
87 
88 	split_sectors = max_discard_sectors;
89 
90 	/*
91 	 * If the next starting sector would be misaligned, stop the discard at
92 	 * the previous aligned sector.
93 	 */
94 	alignment = (q->limits.discard_alignment >> 9) % granularity;
95 
96 	tmp = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector + split_sectors - alignment;
97 	tmp = sector_div(tmp, granularity);
98 
99 	if (split_sectors > tmp)
100 		split_sectors -= tmp;
101 
102 	return bio_split(bio, split_sectors, GFP_NOIO, bs);
103 }
104 
105 static struct bio *blk_bio_write_zeroes_split(struct request_queue *q,
106 		struct bio *bio, struct bio_set *bs, unsigned *nsegs)
107 {
108 	*nsegs = 0;
109 
110 	if (!q->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
111 		return NULL;
112 
113 	if (bio_sectors(bio) <= q->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
114 		return NULL;
115 
116 	return bio_split(bio, q->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors, GFP_NOIO, bs);
117 }
118 
119 static struct bio *blk_bio_write_same_split(struct request_queue *q,
120 					    struct bio *bio,
121 					    struct bio_set *bs,
122 					    unsigned *nsegs)
123 {
124 	*nsegs = 1;
125 
126 	if (!q->limits.max_write_same_sectors)
127 		return NULL;
128 
129 	if (bio_sectors(bio) <= q->limits.max_write_same_sectors)
130 		return NULL;
131 
132 	return bio_split(bio, q->limits.max_write_same_sectors, GFP_NOIO, bs);
133 }
134 
135 static inline unsigned get_max_io_size(struct request_queue *q,
136 				       struct bio *bio)
137 {
138 	unsigned sectors = blk_max_size_offset(q, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
139 	unsigned mask = queue_logical_block_size(q) - 1;
140 
141 	/* aligned to logical block size */
142 	sectors &= ~(mask >> 9);
143 
144 	return sectors;
145 }
146 
147 static unsigned get_max_segment_size(struct request_queue *q,
148 				     unsigned offset)
149 {
150 	unsigned long mask = queue_segment_boundary(q);
151 
152 	/* default segment boundary mask means no boundary limit */
153 	if (mask == BLK_SEG_BOUNDARY_MASK)
154 		return queue_max_segment_size(q);
155 
156 	return min_t(unsigned long, mask - (mask & offset) + 1,
157 		     queue_max_segment_size(q));
158 }
159 
160 /*
161  * Split the bvec @bv into segments, and update all kinds of
162  * variables.
163  */
164 static bool bvec_split_segs(struct request_queue *q, struct bio_vec *bv,
165 		unsigned *nsegs, unsigned *sectors, unsigned max_segs)
166 {
167 	unsigned len = bv->bv_len;
168 	unsigned total_len = 0;
169 	unsigned new_nsegs = 0, seg_size = 0;
170 
171 	/*
172 	 * Multi-page bvec may be too big to hold in one segment, so the
173 	 * current bvec has to be splitted as multiple segments.
174 	 */
175 	while (len && new_nsegs + *nsegs < max_segs) {
176 		seg_size = get_max_segment_size(q, bv->bv_offset + total_len);
177 		seg_size = min(seg_size, len);
178 
179 		new_nsegs++;
180 		total_len += seg_size;
181 		len -= seg_size;
182 
183 		if ((bv->bv_offset + total_len) & queue_virt_boundary(q))
184 			break;
185 	}
186 
187 	if (new_nsegs) {
188 		*nsegs += new_nsegs;
189 		if (sectors)
190 			*sectors += total_len >> 9;
191 	}
192 
193 	/* split in the middle of the bvec if len != 0 */
194 	return !!len;
195 }
196 
197 static struct bio *blk_bio_segment_split(struct request_queue *q,
198 					 struct bio *bio,
199 					 struct bio_set *bs,
200 					 unsigned *segs)
201 {
202 	struct bio_vec bv, bvprv, *bvprvp = NULL;
203 	struct bvec_iter iter;
204 	unsigned nsegs = 0, sectors = 0;
205 	const unsigned max_sectors = get_max_io_size(q, bio);
206 	const unsigned max_segs = queue_max_segments(q);
207 
208 	bio_for_each_bvec(bv, bio, iter) {
209 		/*
210 		 * If the queue doesn't support SG gaps and adding this
211 		 * offset would create a gap, disallow it.
212 		 */
213 		if (bvprvp && bvec_gap_to_prev(q, bvprvp, bv.bv_offset))
214 			goto split;
215 
216 		if (sectors + (bv.bv_len >> 9) > max_sectors) {
217 			/*
218 			 * Consider this a new segment if we're splitting in
219 			 * the middle of this vector.
220 			 */
221 			if (nsegs < max_segs &&
222 			    sectors < max_sectors) {
223 				/* split in the middle of bvec */
224 				bv.bv_len = (max_sectors - sectors) << 9;
225 				bvec_split_segs(q, &bv, &nsegs,
226 						&sectors, max_segs);
227 			}
228 			goto split;
229 		}
230 
231 		if (nsegs == max_segs)
232 			goto split;
233 
234 		bvprv = bv;
235 		bvprvp = &bvprv;
236 
237 		if (bv.bv_offset + bv.bv_len <= PAGE_SIZE) {
238 			nsegs++;
239 			sectors += bv.bv_len >> 9;
240 		} else if (bvec_split_segs(q, &bv, &nsegs, &sectors,
241 				max_segs)) {
242 			goto split;
243 		}
244 	}
245 
246 	*segs = nsegs;
247 	return NULL;
248 split:
249 	*segs = nsegs;
250 	return bio_split(bio, sectors, GFP_NOIO, bs);
251 }
252 
253 void __blk_queue_split(struct request_queue *q, struct bio **bio,
254 		unsigned int *nr_segs)
255 {
256 	struct bio *split;
257 
258 	switch (bio_op(*bio)) {
259 	case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
260 	case REQ_OP_SECURE_ERASE:
261 		split = blk_bio_discard_split(q, *bio, &q->bio_split, nr_segs);
262 		break;
263 	case REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES:
264 		split = blk_bio_write_zeroes_split(q, *bio, &q->bio_split,
265 				nr_segs);
266 		break;
267 	case REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME:
268 		split = blk_bio_write_same_split(q, *bio, &q->bio_split,
269 				nr_segs);
270 		break;
271 	default:
272 		split = blk_bio_segment_split(q, *bio, &q->bio_split, nr_segs);
273 		break;
274 	}
275 
276 	if (split) {
277 		/* there isn't chance to merge the splitted bio */
278 		split->bi_opf |= REQ_NOMERGE;
279 
280 		/*
281 		 * Since we're recursing into make_request here, ensure
282 		 * that we mark this bio as already having entered the queue.
283 		 * If not, and the queue is going away, we can get stuck
284 		 * forever on waiting for the queue reference to drop. But
285 		 * that will never happen, as we're already holding a
286 		 * reference to it.
287 		 */
288 		bio_set_flag(*bio, BIO_QUEUE_ENTERED);
289 
290 		bio_chain(split, *bio);
291 		trace_block_split(q, split, (*bio)->bi_iter.bi_sector);
292 		generic_make_request(*bio);
293 		*bio = split;
294 	}
295 }
296 
297 void blk_queue_split(struct request_queue *q, struct bio **bio)
298 {
299 	unsigned int nr_segs;
300 
301 	__blk_queue_split(q, bio, &nr_segs);
302 }
303 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_split);
304 
305 unsigned int blk_recalc_rq_segments(struct request *rq)
306 {
307 	unsigned int nr_phys_segs = 0;
308 	struct req_iterator iter;
309 	struct bio_vec bv;
310 
311 	if (!rq->bio)
312 		return 0;
313 
314 	switch (bio_op(rq->bio)) {
315 	case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
316 	case REQ_OP_SECURE_ERASE:
317 	case REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES:
318 		return 0;
319 	case REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME:
320 		return 1;
321 	}
322 
323 	rq_for_each_bvec(bv, rq, iter)
324 		bvec_split_segs(rq->q, &bv, &nr_phys_segs, NULL, UINT_MAX);
325 	return nr_phys_segs;
326 }
327 
328 static inline struct scatterlist *blk_next_sg(struct scatterlist **sg,
329 		struct scatterlist *sglist)
330 {
331 	if (!*sg)
332 		return sglist;
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * If the driver previously mapped a shorter list, we could see a
336 	 * termination bit prematurely unless it fully inits the sg table
337 	 * on each mapping. We KNOW that there must be more entries here
338 	 * or the driver would be buggy, so force clear the termination bit
339 	 * to avoid doing a full sg_init_table() in drivers for each command.
340 	 */
341 	sg_unmark_end(*sg);
342 	return sg_next(*sg);
343 }
344 
345 static unsigned blk_bvec_map_sg(struct request_queue *q,
346 		struct bio_vec *bvec, struct scatterlist *sglist,
347 		struct scatterlist **sg)
348 {
349 	unsigned nbytes = bvec->bv_len;
350 	unsigned nsegs = 0, total = 0;
351 
352 	while (nbytes > 0) {
353 		unsigned offset = bvec->bv_offset + total;
354 		unsigned len = min(get_max_segment_size(q, offset), nbytes);
355 		struct page *page = bvec->bv_page;
356 
357 		/*
358 		 * Unfortunately a fair number of drivers barf on scatterlists
359 		 * that have an offset larger than PAGE_SIZE, despite other
360 		 * subsystems dealing with that invariant just fine.  For now
361 		 * stick to the legacy format where we never present those from
362 		 * the block layer, but the code below should be removed once
363 		 * these offenders (mostly MMC/SD drivers) are fixed.
364 		 */
365 		page += (offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
366 		offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
367 
368 		*sg = blk_next_sg(sg, sglist);
369 		sg_set_page(*sg, page, len, offset);
370 
371 		total += len;
372 		nbytes -= len;
373 		nsegs++;
374 	}
375 
376 	return nsegs;
377 }
378 
379 static inline int __blk_bvec_map_sg(struct bio_vec bv,
380 		struct scatterlist *sglist, struct scatterlist **sg)
381 {
382 	*sg = blk_next_sg(sg, sglist);
383 	sg_set_page(*sg, bv.bv_page, bv.bv_len, bv.bv_offset);
384 	return 1;
385 }
386 
387 /* only try to merge bvecs into one sg if they are from two bios */
388 static inline bool
389 __blk_segment_map_sg_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct bio_vec *bvec,
390 			   struct bio_vec *bvprv, struct scatterlist **sg)
391 {
392 
393 	int nbytes = bvec->bv_len;
394 
395 	if (!*sg)
396 		return false;
397 
398 	if ((*sg)->length + nbytes > queue_max_segment_size(q))
399 		return false;
400 
401 	if (!biovec_phys_mergeable(q, bvprv, bvec))
402 		return false;
403 
404 	(*sg)->length += nbytes;
405 
406 	return true;
407 }
408 
409 static int __blk_bios_map_sg(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio,
410 			     struct scatterlist *sglist,
411 			     struct scatterlist **sg)
412 {
413 	struct bio_vec uninitialized_var(bvec), bvprv = { NULL };
414 	struct bvec_iter iter;
415 	int nsegs = 0;
416 	bool new_bio = false;
417 
418 	for_each_bio(bio) {
419 		bio_for_each_bvec(bvec, bio, iter) {
420 			/*
421 			 * Only try to merge bvecs from two bios given we
422 			 * have done bio internal merge when adding pages
423 			 * to bio
424 			 */
425 			if (new_bio &&
426 			    __blk_segment_map_sg_merge(q, &bvec, &bvprv, sg))
427 				goto next_bvec;
428 
429 			if (bvec.bv_offset + bvec.bv_len <= PAGE_SIZE)
430 				nsegs += __blk_bvec_map_sg(bvec, sglist, sg);
431 			else
432 				nsegs += blk_bvec_map_sg(q, &bvec, sglist, sg);
433  next_bvec:
434 			new_bio = false;
435 		}
436 		if (likely(bio->bi_iter.bi_size)) {
437 			bvprv = bvec;
438 			new_bio = true;
439 		}
440 	}
441 
442 	return nsegs;
443 }
444 
445 /*
446  * map a request to scatterlist, return number of sg entries setup. Caller
447  * must make sure sg can hold rq->nr_phys_segments entries
448  */
449 int blk_rq_map_sg(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
450 		  struct scatterlist *sglist)
451 {
452 	struct scatterlist *sg = NULL;
453 	int nsegs = 0;
454 
455 	if (rq->rq_flags & RQF_SPECIAL_PAYLOAD)
456 		nsegs = __blk_bvec_map_sg(rq->special_vec, sglist, &sg);
457 	else if (rq->bio && bio_op(rq->bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME)
458 		nsegs = __blk_bvec_map_sg(bio_iovec(rq->bio), sglist, &sg);
459 	else if (rq->bio)
460 		nsegs = __blk_bios_map_sg(q, rq->bio, sglist, &sg);
461 
462 	if (unlikely(rq->rq_flags & RQF_COPY_USER) &&
463 	    (blk_rq_bytes(rq) & q->dma_pad_mask)) {
464 		unsigned int pad_len =
465 			(q->dma_pad_mask & ~blk_rq_bytes(rq)) + 1;
466 
467 		sg->length += pad_len;
468 		rq->extra_len += pad_len;
469 	}
470 
471 	if (q->dma_drain_size && q->dma_drain_needed(rq)) {
472 		if (op_is_write(req_op(rq)))
473 			memset(q->dma_drain_buffer, 0, q->dma_drain_size);
474 
475 		sg_unmark_end(sg);
476 		sg = sg_next(sg);
477 		sg_set_page(sg, virt_to_page(q->dma_drain_buffer),
478 			    q->dma_drain_size,
479 			    ((unsigned long)q->dma_drain_buffer) &
480 			    (PAGE_SIZE - 1));
481 		nsegs++;
482 		rq->extra_len += q->dma_drain_size;
483 	}
484 
485 	if (sg)
486 		sg_mark_end(sg);
487 
488 	/*
489 	 * Something must have been wrong if the figured number of
490 	 * segment is bigger than number of req's physical segments
491 	 */
492 	WARN_ON(nsegs > blk_rq_nr_phys_segments(rq));
493 
494 	return nsegs;
495 }
496 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_rq_map_sg);
497 
498 static inline int ll_new_hw_segment(struct request *req, struct bio *bio,
499 		unsigned int nr_phys_segs)
500 {
501 	if (req->nr_phys_segments + nr_phys_segs > queue_max_segments(req->q))
502 		goto no_merge;
503 
504 	if (blk_integrity_merge_bio(req->q, req, bio) == false)
505 		goto no_merge;
506 
507 	/*
508 	 * This will form the start of a new hw segment.  Bump both
509 	 * counters.
510 	 */
511 	req->nr_phys_segments += nr_phys_segs;
512 	return 1;
513 
514 no_merge:
515 	req_set_nomerge(req->q, req);
516 	return 0;
517 }
518 
519 int ll_back_merge_fn(struct request *req, struct bio *bio, unsigned int nr_segs)
520 {
521 	if (req_gap_back_merge(req, bio))
522 		return 0;
523 	if (blk_integrity_rq(req) &&
524 	    integrity_req_gap_back_merge(req, bio))
525 		return 0;
526 	if (blk_rq_sectors(req) + bio_sectors(bio) >
527 	    blk_rq_get_max_sectors(req, blk_rq_pos(req))) {
528 		req_set_nomerge(req->q, req);
529 		return 0;
530 	}
531 
532 	return ll_new_hw_segment(req, bio, nr_segs);
533 }
534 
535 int ll_front_merge_fn(struct request *req, struct bio *bio, unsigned int nr_segs)
536 {
537 	if (req_gap_front_merge(req, bio))
538 		return 0;
539 	if (blk_integrity_rq(req) &&
540 	    integrity_req_gap_front_merge(req, bio))
541 		return 0;
542 	if (blk_rq_sectors(req) + bio_sectors(bio) >
543 	    blk_rq_get_max_sectors(req, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector)) {
544 		req_set_nomerge(req->q, req);
545 		return 0;
546 	}
547 
548 	return ll_new_hw_segment(req, bio, nr_segs);
549 }
550 
551 static bool req_attempt_discard_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
552 		struct request *next)
553 {
554 	unsigned short segments = blk_rq_nr_discard_segments(req);
555 
556 	if (segments >= queue_max_discard_segments(q))
557 		goto no_merge;
558 	if (blk_rq_sectors(req) + bio_sectors(next->bio) >
559 	    blk_rq_get_max_sectors(req, blk_rq_pos(req)))
560 		goto no_merge;
561 
562 	req->nr_phys_segments = segments + blk_rq_nr_discard_segments(next);
563 	return true;
564 no_merge:
565 	req_set_nomerge(q, req);
566 	return false;
567 }
568 
569 static int ll_merge_requests_fn(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
570 				struct request *next)
571 {
572 	int total_phys_segments;
573 
574 	if (req_gap_back_merge(req, next->bio))
575 		return 0;
576 
577 	/*
578 	 * Will it become too large?
579 	 */
580 	if ((blk_rq_sectors(req) + blk_rq_sectors(next)) >
581 	    blk_rq_get_max_sectors(req, blk_rq_pos(req)))
582 		return 0;
583 
584 	total_phys_segments = req->nr_phys_segments + next->nr_phys_segments;
585 	if (total_phys_segments > queue_max_segments(q))
586 		return 0;
587 
588 	if (blk_integrity_merge_rq(q, req, next) == false)
589 		return 0;
590 
591 	/* Merge is OK... */
592 	req->nr_phys_segments = total_phys_segments;
593 	return 1;
594 }
595 
596 /**
597  * blk_rq_set_mixed_merge - mark a request as mixed merge
598  * @rq: request to mark as mixed merge
599  *
600  * Description:
601  *     @rq is about to be mixed merged.  Make sure the attributes
602  *     which can be mixed are set in each bio and mark @rq as mixed
603  *     merged.
604  */
605 void blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(struct request *rq)
606 {
607 	unsigned int ff = rq->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
608 	struct bio *bio;
609 
610 	if (rq->rq_flags & RQF_MIXED_MERGE)
611 		return;
612 
613 	/*
614 	 * @rq will no longer represent mixable attributes for all the
615 	 * contained bios.  It will just track those of the first one.
616 	 * Distributes the attributs to each bio.
617 	 */
618 	for (bio = rq->bio; bio; bio = bio->bi_next) {
619 		WARN_ON_ONCE((bio->bi_opf & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) &&
620 			     (bio->bi_opf & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) != ff);
621 		bio->bi_opf |= ff;
622 	}
623 	rq->rq_flags |= RQF_MIXED_MERGE;
624 }
625 
626 static void blk_account_io_merge(struct request *req)
627 {
628 	if (blk_do_io_stat(req)) {
629 		struct hd_struct *part;
630 
631 		part_stat_lock();
632 		part = req->part;
633 
634 		part_dec_in_flight(req->q, part, rq_data_dir(req));
635 
636 		hd_struct_put(part);
637 		part_stat_unlock();
638 	}
639 }
640 /*
641  * Two cases of handling DISCARD merge:
642  * If max_discard_segments > 1, the driver takes every bio
643  * as a range and send them to controller together. The ranges
644  * needn't to be contiguous.
645  * Otherwise, the bios/requests will be handled as same as
646  * others which should be contiguous.
647  */
648 static inline bool blk_discard_mergable(struct request *req)
649 {
650 	if (req_op(req) == REQ_OP_DISCARD &&
651 	    queue_max_discard_segments(req->q) > 1)
652 		return true;
653 	return false;
654 }
655 
656 static enum elv_merge blk_try_req_merge(struct request *req,
657 					struct request *next)
658 {
659 	if (blk_discard_mergable(req))
660 		return ELEVATOR_DISCARD_MERGE;
661 	else if (blk_rq_pos(req) + blk_rq_sectors(req) == blk_rq_pos(next))
662 		return ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE;
663 
664 	return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
665 }
666 
667 /*
668  * For non-mq, this has to be called with the request spinlock acquired.
669  * For mq with scheduling, the appropriate queue wide lock should be held.
670  */
671 static struct request *attempt_merge(struct request_queue *q,
672 				     struct request *req, struct request *next)
673 {
674 	if (!rq_mergeable(req) || !rq_mergeable(next))
675 		return NULL;
676 
677 	if (req_op(req) != req_op(next))
678 		return NULL;
679 
680 	if (rq_data_dir(req) != rq_data_dir(next)
681 	    || req->rq_disk != next->rq_disk)
682 		return NULL;
683 
684 	if (req_op(req) == REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME &&
685 	    !blk_write_same_mergeable(req->bio, next->bio))
686 		return NULL;
687 
688 	/*
689 	 * Don't allow merge of different write hints, or for a hint with
690 	 * non-hint IO.
691 	 */
692 	if (req->write_hint != next->write_hint)
693 		return NULL;
694 
695 	if (req->ioprio != next->ioprio)
696 		return NULL;
697 
698 	/*
699 	 * If we are allowed to merge, then append bio list
700 	 * from next to rq and release next. merge_requests_fn
701 	 * will have updated segment counts, update sector
702 	 * counts here. Handle DISCARDs separately, as they
703 	 * have separate settings.
704 	 */
705 
706 	switch (blk_try_req_merge(req, next)) {
707 	case ELEVATOR_DISCARD_MERGE:
708 		if (!req_attempt_discard_merge(q, req, next))
709 			return NULL;
710 		break;
711 	case ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE:
712 		if (!ll_merge_requests_fn(q, req, next))
713 			return NULL;
714 		break;
715 	default:
716 		return NULL;
717 	}
718 
719 	/*
720 	 * If failfast settings disagree or any of the two is already
721 	 * a mixed merge, mark both as mixed before proceeding.  This
722 	 * makes sure that all involved bios have mixable attributes
723 	 * set properly.
724 	 */
725 	if (((req->rq_flags | next->rq_flags) & RQF_MIXED_MERGE) ||
726 	    (req->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) !=
727 	    (next->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK)) {
728 		blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(req);
729 		blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(next);
730 	}
731 
732 	/*
733 	 * At this point we have either done a back merge or front merge. We
734 	 * need the smaller start_time_ns of the merged requests to be the
735 	 * current request for accounting purposes.
736 	 */
737 	if (next->start_time_ns < req->start_time_ns)
738 		req->start_time_ns = next->start_time_ns;
739 
740 	req->biotail->bi_next = next->bio;
741 	req->biotail = next->biotail;
742 
743 	req->__data_len += blk_rq_bytes(next);
744 
745 	if (!blk_discard_mergable(req))
746 		elv_merge_requests(q, req, next);
747 
748 	/*
749 	 * 'next' is going away, so update stats accordingly
750 	 */
751 	blk_account_io_merge(next);
752 
753 	/*
754 	 * ownership of bio passed from next to req, return 'next' for
755 	 * the caller to free
756 	 */
757 	next->bio = NULL;
758 	return next;
759 }
760 
761 struct request *attempt_back_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
762 {
763 	struct request *next = elv_latter_request(q, rq);
764 
765 	if (next)
766 		return attempt_merge(q, rq, next);
767 
768 	return NULL;
769 }
770 
771 struct request *attempt_front_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
772 {
773 	struct request *prev = elv_former_request(q, rq);
774 
775 	if (prev)
776 		return attempt_merge(q, prev, rq);
777 
778 	return NULL;
779 }
780 
781 int blk_attempt_req_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
782 			  struct request *next)
783 {
784 	struct request *free;
785 
786 	free = attempt_merge(q, rq, next);
787 	if (free) {
788 		blk_put_request(free);
789 		return 1;
790 	}
791 
792 	return 0;
793 }
794 
795 bool blk_rq_merge_ok(struct request *rq, struct bio *bio)
796 {
797 	if (!rq_mergeable(rq) || !bio_mergeable(bio))
798 		return false;
799 
800 	if (req_op(rq) != bio_op(bio))
801 		return false;
802 
803 	/* different data direction or already started, don't merge */
804 	if (bio_data_dir(bio) != rq_data_dir(rq))
805 		return false;
806 
807 	/* must be same device */
808 	if (rq->rq_disk != bio->bi_disk)
809 		return false;
810 
811 	/* only merge integrity protected bio into ditto rq */
812 	if (blk_integrity_merge_bio(rq->q, rq, bio) == false)
813 		return false;
814 
815 	/* must be using the same buffer */
816 	if (req_op(rq) == REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME &&
817 	    !blk_write_same_mergeable(rq->bio, bio))
818 		return false;
819 
820 	/*
821 	 * Don't allow merge of different write hints, or for a hint with
822 	 * non-hint IO.
823 	 */
824 	if (rq->write_hint != bio->bi_write_hint)
825 		return false;
826 
827 	if (rq->ioprio != bio_prio(bio))
828 		return false;
829 
830 	return true;
831 }
832 
833 enum elv_merge blk_try_merge(struct request *rq, struct bio *bio)
834 {
835 	if (blk_discard_mergable(rq))
836 		return ELEVATOR_DISCARD_MERGE;
837 	else if (blk_rq_pos(rq) + blk_rq_sectors(rq) == bio->bi_iter.bi_sector)
838 		return ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE;
839 	else if (blk_rq_pos(rq) - bio_sectors(bio) == bio->bi_iter.bi_sector)
840 		return ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE;
841 	return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
842 }
843